The recommended specs
Recommended Processors:
Intel Core 2 Duo / Core i3 @ 3.2Ghz or faster
Intel Core i5 / i7 @ 2.66Ghz or faster
AMD Phenom II / Athlon II (X2, X3 or X4) @ 3.4Ghz or faster
Recommended VGA cards:
Nvidia Geforce 9600GT / 8800GT or better
ATI Radeon 4750 or better
These are obviously very generalized. It's not like every game will play well even by exceeding these recommendations. Likewise, you can still play a good share of games with little (or no) trouble if you come a little short of the recommended (i.e. a Core 2 Duo @ 2.8Ghz with a Radeon 4650).
Also, with all of the given variables (use of speedhacks, use of resolution, a particular game's performance, a particular user's opinion on what's "good enough", etc...), one could find many games
playable on even lesser specs (i.e. a Core 2 Duo @ 2.0Ghz with a low-end card, some have even "pulled it off" with an IGP).
You really need to just try the game, or do some research on the forums (or even the Wiki). Even then, you're still potentially dealing with opinions and what's usually slightly differents specs at the least. Trying for yourself truely is the best way.